Dolphins Orcas Essays - Killer Whales, Predators, Dolphin, Orca

Dolphins: Orcas Orcas ? Orcas are actually the largest members of the dolphin family. ? The name orca means demon from hell in Greek. The scientific name is Orcinus Orca ? The Orca was nick named the Killer Whale when one was seen eating another whale. It was originally called Whale Killer and then was later changed to Killer Whale. There are no confirmed records of orcas killing a human. ? Orcas are estimated to live 50-60 years ? They are said to be capable of setting an impressive pace of 34 mph and covering 60- 100 miles of ocean in a day. ? Orcas have 48 sharp teeth, that are conical-shaped and three inches long and are known to eat low flying birds and attack whales over five times their own size. They also like squid, herring and some warm blooded mammals. They consume around 100 pounds of fish a day and their favorite food is salmon. The way that they attack their prey is to circle around them. ? The orca is black on the top half of its body and white on the bottom half because their dark back blends n with the darker water and the white bellies blend in with the sunlit water above them. ? Male orcas can reach up to 32 feet, weigh over eight tons and have a dorsal fin of up to five feet tall ? Females can grow up to 22 feet tall, weigh about four tons, and have a three foot dorsal fin. ? Orcas are found in all oceans of the world and favor coastal temperate or cool waters. However, they also range into polar areas. Some orca populations remain local and travel along predictable routes and others are transient and move over great distances. ? Mating and birth take place mainly in autumn and winter. Gestation lasts over 12 months and at birth orcas are about 6-7 ft long and weigh almost 400lbs. They are born tail first. ? Females may give birth to four to six young during a lifetime. ? Orcas are very social whales and most pods consist of 5-30 individuals ? Studies have shown that each pod has its own distinctive dialect or accent, and that members of the same pod can recognize each other through this distinctive dialect ? Orcas do not migrate, but have seasonal movements, which are tied into prey movement and environmental changes. ? Capture of orcas for display has become controversial and more restricted. Never before has a captured orca been returned to the ocean. ? Orcas and all whales, along with dolphins use and advanced system of SONAR, which stands for Sound Navigation Ranging. This is called Echolocation. The most frequent are loud bursts; these are used to located prey. The sound waves bounce off the object and are reflected back to the orca. These reflections are received by the jawbone and interpreted into an exact location. The high pitched whistles and shrills are used to communicate with other orcas even at a distance of several miles. Science

Beginnings essays

Beginnings essays Psychiatrists say that a child's values are pretty much locked in by the age of ten. I grew up a child of suburban Chicago in the mid 1980s. I had a nice, cold, and snowy day for my birthday since I was born on December 30, 1985 and December is the peak of winter. My values and beliefs will be very different from someone that grew up in Coldwater, Michigan. Different religions also affect this lot since my Hindu beliefs and ideals would be entirely different from a Christians beliefs and ideals even if we grew up in the same neighborhood. Family plays a large part in my life, but it has not usually had a good impact upon it. Throughout my existence, the greed of other family members has plagued me with money problems. It would appear that, to them, having material possessions more important than assuring my well-being. My mother's parents kicked her out of the family. When my mom married my dad, my grandparents refused to speak to them; as did all the others from her family because she ran away and got married. When I was born, the families were back together in a sense. My dad worked for Drisilker, one of the worlds foremost electric motor repair facilities in the world. They received motors from all over the US, Switzerland, and Germany. My mom worked at the Taco Bell down the street as the shift manager. At the time, my dads 2 younger brothers were living with us also. They worked at various fast food restaurants. Neither of them was very responsible so they could not hold employment very long. I was born IBM PC-DOS 3.2 was released. That may later work into my fixation with computers. This new DOS system also helped push IBM further ahead into the computer market helping them to set the pace for the competition. That might help to explain my attachment to computers now. On the day I was born, President Zia of Pakistan ended martial law, and restored their constitution. When I see this ...

The Common Perception of Juvenile Offenders Essay

The Common Perception of Juvenile Offenders - Essay Example The Certain reason for it cannot be distinguished strictly. Presumably such behavior is encouraged with the stereotypes, common for police and jurors and is rooted in the past where the slavery and beliefs of blacks being not as clever as whites and much more aggressive were wide-spread. Mass-media is also likely to influence such point of view, describing the evil nature of Black juvenile offenders and the misguided yet still innocent nature of White juvenile offenders ». Thus shooting at school committed by a white adolescent would most likely be described as shocking, while same act committed by a black one - as expectable. There are no special explorations of for reasons of juvenile legal discrimination, but similar tests were conducted with adults and resulted in the theory of similarity-leniency, where people tend to show more empathy with ones whom they consider alike to their person. That was not the first experiment of a kind, still it was the first one conducted in order to prove the existence of racial prejudice directed onto coloured juveniles. The confinement of African American juveniles throughout the United States is abnormal. The rate of juvenile confinements for several years has decreased, and thus the predominance of arrests of coloured juveniles has become even more obvious. According to researches, coloured youth commits more crimes and is arrested twice as often as white juveniles. Still, the other reason for such misbalance was also caused by the difference in attitude to black or latin juveniles in comparison to white ones. It is bound not only with the biased attitude but also with the difference in the life circumstances of juveniles that result in stricter sentences. For example under the law of Minnesota, a punishment for trying crack cocaine is four years of confinement, while trying powdered cocaine leads only to probation period.

Developing Good Business Sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Developing Good Business Sense - Essay Example McDonalds is one of those organizations that are known for continuous development in their systems. Employees at McDonalds are not only involved in manufacturing of food and different aspects of operations management, they are also well-supported by automated system, hi-tech equipments and effective supply chain management system (McDonalds-UK, 2013). A critical analysis of McDonalds’ operations helped in understanding that minimum wastage, customer-oriented approach and environmental considerations are main features that govern the performance of its employees. Hence, effective cold chain, customer services and just-in time delivery by the supplier are the main features of McDonald’s operations that also govern the task performance of its employees. Like McDonalds, KFC is also supported with highly skilled labor and automation in its system. However, there is limited attention paid to materials management in terms of supplier’s selection and waste management. Wh ere McDonalds has strategic alliances to limited suppliers, KFC has a rather extensive pool of suppliers. Yearly assessment of suppliers helps in selection for the next year. Unlike KFC and McDonalds, Amazon chose to identify the top selling items and have a readily available stock of such items. It is important to note that more than warehouse management; Amazon relies on its alliances with suppliers in different regions of the world and courier services. Therefore, employees working with Amazon are more supported with IT-based interventions than the actual manufacturing processes. McDonalds and KFC use flexible operating system when it comes to operations and materials management. They have computer-aided manufacturing programs with human intervention in a supervisory role than direct involvement in production. However, as far as delivery of ready-to-cook items and real-time cooking is concerned, it is performed through their employees. Such practice helps in ensuring that a suita ble quantity of finish product is available to meet the demands of consumers without incurring actual wastages. On the other hand, Amazon focuses on small-batch production when it comes to selection of operations and materials management. The storing capacity of Amazon is rather limited and it focuses on having strategic alliances in different regions for catering customers all around the world instead of having physical facilities across the globe. Only limited items are stored based on their past selling patterns and consumers’ demands. As far as their operations and materials management costs are concerned, McDonalds and KFC incur costs in terms of raw materials purchase, plant management and basic manufacturing, labor, inventory management and distribution (Jones, 2007). All these components are inevitable to incur as these fast food chains cannot outsource manufacturing processes. On the other hand, Amazon incurs costs because of products’ purchase, warehousing an d distribution along with human resource management. Since it does not perform direct manufacturing i.e. publishing, CD burning etc, itself, therefore it purchases ready products from publishers and vendors in different regions and deliver them to customers accordingly. Main source of costs is expected to be warehousing and d

Air Pollution Controlling for industrial cities in Saudi Arabia Research Paper

Air Pollution Controlling for industrial cities in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example The idea of nationalism should be abandoned and the concept of global citizenship should be embraced in order to solve the problems of humanity. The corporate entities are also required to practice the idea of green production and will also have to use alternative and eco-friendly energy sources. As a last resort the humanity should find ways for leaving Earth as its environment will decay beyond repair. The NASA along with main economic powers of the world is trying to perfect space travel technology for resettlement of humanity on some other planet. Conclusively if all the methods of controlling global warming and aerial pollution then humanity may have to revert towards the simpler life that must be spent in underground tunnels because in a few generations the Earth's surface may become inhabitable. However in the light of whole discussion the simpler life will be the best one for humans. Introduction The modern era of the 21st century has been facing the challenge of controlling pollution. The fundamental reason for environmental degradation is believed to be growing number of green-house gases in the atmosphere. These lethal gases are however the byproducts of state of the art production technologies. The humanity has abandoned natural way of living and initiated to use vehicles and factories for transportation and production respectively. Yet aforementioned technological interventions are the most noted sources of pollution. The increasing pollution is also considered as one the most significant causes of degrading health standards because harmful gases such as carbon monoxide when introduced into the human body can cause lung cancer and other respiratory issues (Brunekreef, Janssen, Hartog, Harssema, Knape, & Vliet, 1997). These gases are also causing the ozone layer to thicken that hinders exhalation of ultraviolet rays. Thus, these gases are contributing significantly towards aggravating the phenomenon of global warming. The sense of environmental bett erment is quite prevalent in developed nations of the world. But less enlightened nations are not largely bothered by the presence and expansion of environmental decay. In recent years nonetheless researchers from underdeveloped countries are emphasizing the notion of policy development in order to control and manage environmental deformation. According to a sensitive calculation, it was found that in the next 150 years the planet Earth will become uninhabitable because of global warming. Moreover the destructive forces are already starting to set in as glaciers are melting and therefore hurricanes and flooding are increasing in all parts of the world. Furthermore the nature of problems identified in the preceding paragraph is international and due to this reason nations are suggested to pool their resources in order to fight the biggest challenge humanity has ever faced. The time is believed to be near when humans will be forced to revert towards simpler existence in order to save their skin. According modern research caves and underground tunnels are significantly immune to the effects of global warming and therefore if everything fails against global warming and pollution then humans may have to take shelter in caves. The typical corporate mindset of profit maximization has played a significant role in enhancing the demon of global warming. In the past and present the businessmen remained concerned with profit that compelled them to harm the natural

Influence of Terror on Pakistan Stock Market Returns

Influence of Terror on Pakistan Stock Market Returns Abstract This paper examines the influence of political instability and terror on Pakistan stock market returns between 1997 and 2010. The study constructs three variables that quantify political instability and terror and examine the effect on country stock return. This study seeks to apply the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to assess the impact of these variables on stock market returns and volatility using daily time series data for KSE. Results for KSE showed strong support for the hypothesis that bad news exerts more adverse effect on stock market volatility than good news of the same magnitude. Furthermore, terror and regime have significant negative impact while war has positive but insignificant effect on stock market volatility. JEL Classification: O40, C32. Keywords: Terror, Regime, political instability, growth, ARCH/GARCH. Introduction Many people agree that stock prices sometimes behave in bizarre ways. Markets are pretty tough and quite difficult. In the world of todays no one can negate the importance of stock markets. Stock market acts as a barometer for any countrys economy. In todays information-oriented world, news travels very fast and contagion can spread quickly and capital markets become more flexible and are absorb shocks brought on different news such as terrorism, political instability etc. Stock market of Pakistan is going through quite rough patch from many years. The change of political government and later on the terrorists attacks have badly affected the stock market and make the Pakistan Stock Market unreliable place for investment. As by seeing the overall scenario of Pakistans stock market during that time period it was not difficult for prices to follow certain patterns that support the rejection of Random Walk Hypothesis. This paper examines the impact of change in government, war and terror on economic growth in the Pakistan. Pakistan is one of those episodic-democratic countries who are facing continuous upheavals and socio-political disruptions since their inception. Military interventions could be witnessed in the political history of Pakistan. More over intervallic wars with India, strikes, antigovernment demonstrations and most importantly the ongoing war on terror have popped Pakistan to prominence on the socio-political platform. Such sociopolitical flux, terrorist attacks and other disruptions can have serious implications for stock price movement because stock prices reflect investors expectations about the future and these stock price movements on aggregate can generate a surged wave of activity. There has been an extensive work on study of stock market returns and volatility with respect to the fundamental variables and the macroeconomic variables but a diminutive work has been done so far to study the impact of socio-political factors on the stock market volatility in Pakistan. The existing literature on impact of socio-political factors on stock returns volatility is quite inadequate especially if we talk in context of Pakistani market. Masood Sergi (2008) analyzed Pakistans political risks and events that have affected the Pakistani stock market since its independence but their study chiefly covers the political events. Terrorism and strikes which have recently become the matters of intense interest and the source of unrest in the economy are the missing part there. The Karachi stock market is rapidly converting into a volatile market. If we see figure below it showed that there are high volatility during 1997 to 2010. This cannot be viewed as a positive sign for this emerging markets like Stock market of Pakistan. Though heavy fluctuations in stock prices are not an unusual phenomena and it has been observed at almost all big and small exchanges of the world. But focusing on the reasons for such fluctuations is instructive and likely to have important policy implications. The efficient market hypothesis argued that changes in stock prices are mainly dependent on the arrival of information regarding the expected returns from the stock and risk associated with that stock. (See Figure 1.1) So the purpose of our study is to examine empirically the impact of socio-political instability on Pakistani stock market. This study examines the three factors and their impact on the Pakistani stock market; the political instability due to military interventions, 1999 Kargil war, and terrorism. Literature Review A number of theoretical and empirical articles argue that these factors hinder economic growth of a country. Cutler, Poterba and Summers (1989) claimed that the sock prices move in response to the information other than about the fundamental values. They estimate the fraction of stock returns that can be accredited to various kinds of economic and non-economic events including assassinations of important political or national figures, war, invasions, raids and major policy change but their findings suggests a very small effect of non-economic news on the share price. Most of the studies have found a significant impact of political news or events on the stock market behavior. Chan Wei (1996) studied the impact of political news on the stock market volatility in Hong Kong and using GARCH-M model they found the strong evidence of the impact of political news on stock market volatility inferring that unfavorable political news is correlated to negative returns for the Hang Seng Index and vice versa. Mei Guo (1999) examined the impact of political insecurity on the financial crises in emerging markets and they observe that market volatility increased during political election and transition periods and political uncertainty could be a major contributory factor to financial crisis. Similarly Kim Mei (2001) infered through empirical analysis using GARCH(1,1) filter that the political risk affect the stock market volatility but this impact of political events or news is asymmetric, with bad news having a greater influence on volatility relative to good news. However Voth (2001) have argued that the impact of political factors in studies on German market has been over stated. He argued that the majority of events escalating political uncertainty had a minute or no effect on the value of German assets and the volatility of their returns. Instead, it was inflation that is mainly responsible for most of the variability in stock returns. He suggests that there is no direct linkage between the political factors and the stock market, however through channel it impacts. But Voth (2002) in a panel study of a set of 10 countries using panel regression confess that during great depression political risks changed dramatically over the period, and are adequate to account for a large part of the boost in stock price volatility. Beaulieu, Cosset Essaddam (2002) examined the impact of political risk in Canada on the volatility of stock returns, covering important political events in the country. Their study suggested that political news performs a significant role in the volatility of stock returns. Moreover the volatility of stock returns also depends on the degree of how much a firm is exposed to political risk i.e. the structure of its assets and the level to which there is foreign involvement. Kutan Perez (2002)Â  also found a significant impact of social and political factors on stock return volatility in their study conducted on Colombian stock market. Bautista (2003) applied Regime-switching-ARCH regression on Philippine stock returns to estimate its conditional variance and the estimated volatility was then related to major political and economic events. Their study revealed that the Philippine stock market is sensitive to radical changes in the political situation. Moreover the series of military takeover attempts during late 1980s in Philippines lead to hefty fluctuations in stock market index. Masood Sergi (2008) analyzed political risks and events that have affected the Pakistans stock markets since its foundation. They have found that Pakistans political risk carries a significant risk premium of between 7.5% and 12%. They made forecasts using Bayesian hierarchical modeling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques and found that there is relatively high probability of occurrence of events with an average arrival rate of approximately 1.5 events per year. Many others also wrote that political instability warped the future path of investment decisions (Calvo and Drazen (1997), lessened public investment leading to a shift of government budgets from capital spending to government consumption (Darby, Li and Muscatelli (1998), and makes governments less inclined to make improvements to the legal system (Svensson (1993) Wars and unrest at the borders creates instability and panic among the investors that could affect the stock market movement at large. The affect of war has been analyzed in many studies including Cutler, Poterba and Summers (1989), Aggarwal, Incaln Leal (1999) and in Pakistan Masood Sergi (2008). Aggarwal, Incaln Leal (1999) examined the sort of events that cause large swings in volatility of emerging stock markets. For this purpose they examine various social, political and economic events both at global and domestic level to find out their explanatory power in context of the returns volatility in the emerging markets including the impact of gulf war. Though at small scale but the impact of gulf war was felt in those emerging markets. Similarly Masood Sergi (2008) found that among other factors that they studied, wars with India, 1948, 1965, 1971 and 1999 kargil war negatively influenced the Pakistani stock market. Evia et al. (2008) examined the affect of socio-political conflict in Bolivia on economic performance. Factors studied widespread during the conflicts as strikes, demonstrations, road blockades, and conventional rent-seeking. Their results showed that economic growth due to external factors is positively related to conflict while growth due to productive investment is negatively related to conflict. Terrorism is another as put that has been studied in relation to economic activity. Many studied in this distance; produced conflicting results as Becker and Murphy (2001) argue that economic performance are not much affected, because terrorist attacks usually devastate only a small portion of the overall stock of capital in a country. By contrast, Abadie and Gardeazabal (2005) repeated that terrorism shape overall economic risk in a country and lead to the economic shakiness in the country. They also conclude their study that higher level of terrorism risks results into the lower levels of foreign direct investment (FDI). Almost all studies on terrorism and its influence on stock prices limited to only on a single or few events, such as the 11 September 2001 attacks, as considered by Hon et al. (2004) Chen and Siems (2003) study. Chen Siems (2003), used event study methodology to capture the aftermath of terrorism on global capital markets. They studied on the reaction of U.S. capital markets in response to terrorist attacks. Their results showed that capital markets of US are more resilient flexible than in the past and recover quicker from terrorist attacks than other global capital markets. Their study suggests this increased market resilience to be partially explained by a stable financial sector in US that provides adequate liquidity to support market stability and reduce the spread panic. Methodology and Data Description Stock index data is taken from Karachi Stock Exchange, Yahoo Finance. This is a well known and reliable source of business information in Pakistan. The daily closing value of KSE-100 index is used for calculating the daily returns. The continuously compounded annual rate of return is used to measure the returns for the specific period as; Rt = ln (Pt / Pt-1) The closing prices of KSE-100 index for Karachi Stock Exchange are taken for the period July 2, 1997 to Oct 13, 2010. Our proxies are TERROR, a dummy variable of terrorist incidents during this period; REGIME, a dummy variable for government changes from fully democratic government to Marshal Law or democratic under such condition; a dummy variable for the period of the Kargal War in 1999. We applied regression model and Arch/Garch technique to capture the results. ARCH/GARCH Study Models This section presents the methodology of the paper. Daily data for Karachi stock markets were obtained from Yahoo finance and data for terror, kargal war and regime were obtained from South East Asia Terrorism Portal, and Different News Paper of Pakistan. Study apply ARCH/GARCH tools to see the long term relationship of these variable taking stock return as dependent variable and terror, regime and kargal war as independent variables. As aggregate uncertainty may be a function of political instability, we proceed to model uncertainty directly. It is natural to look at the conditional variance of output. Thus, we examine GARCH processes, in a more general framework than in the previous section. The model estimated here is a GARCH (1,1) process. Engle (1982) argue that in high frequency data large and small disturbance errors appear in group therefore error term variances can be shown as a function of their lagged values. He calls it Autoregressive conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH). As an investor or policy maker, we might be interested in investigating the returns and variance financial assets over observable period of time (conditional) rather than long run estimate of variance (unconditional). Engle (1982) shows that it is possible to describe the conditional mean and conditional variance of a financial asset using information set of previous period; Where is the return of financial asset in time t conditional on the information set at time t-1. E represents the expected value in statistics. Consider the simple model Where Where the rate of is return and are the regression parameters. A typical ARCH model can be written as follows: Conditional Mean Equation; Error Decomposition OR where ‘v is the part of variance which is homoskedastic and is the conditional variance which is Heteroskedasticity. This conditional variance can be shown as ARCH Conditional variance Equation, i.e. where and are non negative. Engle (1982) has also derived a Lagrange Multiplier (LM) based principle to test the hypothesis of. Another useful variant of ARCH methodology, proposed by Bollerslev (1986) is the generalized ARCH or GARCH model. Bollerslev (1986) argues that conditional variance in financial series is not only the function of its lagged error term but also the function of its lagged conditional variances. Therefore, GARCH (1, 1) process would be So GARCH model helps to explain the conditional variance with the help of past squared error term and conditional variance lag value. Which also means that conditional variance at time‘t would be function of long run variances and also variances conditional on past information set (short run) or observed shocks i.e. . Testing for ARCH/GARCH effects: Before estimating Arch/Garch techniques, it is first important to check for possible presence of Arch effect in order to know which model is requires the ARCH estimation instead of OLS (Ordinary Least Squire). The presence of ARCH effects in a regression model does not invalidate OLS estimation. However it implies that there is more efficient nonlinear estimator than OLS. (See Table 1.1) Obs*R-Squared is 147.26 and has a probability limit of 0.000. This clearly suggested that ARCH effect is present and presence of Heteroskedasticity suggested that ARCH/GARCH is appropriate model for this type of time series data. So we can apply ARCH/GARCH model on this data instead of ordinary least squire regression. Result of GARCH effects: The results of GARCH are presented in Table 1.3. The first column presents the regression results when we include as independent variables dummy values of the regime, terror, and war. In most of the cases, the variables enter with the anticipated signs, but not all of them are consistently significant at the 0.05 level. We can see an evidence of significant negative impact of terror, regime that show due to bomb blast in Pakistan and change in government negatively impact the country stock return in long run while insignificant positive impact of war on the country stock return. The results can further explained that stock return volatility every day is explained by approximately 71% of the previous months return volatility for Karachi stock exchange. This is significant for KSE returns. The coefficient of return innovation are statistically significant for market implying that new information arrival into the markets has significant impact on predicting next days stock market volatility. Because, the constant term in the variance equation for KSE is significant. The results of GARCH (1,1) are presented in Table 1.3 (Table 1.2) The model can be written as; Mean Equation: = 0.001188+ 0.064048* R_KSE(-1) Variance Equation: GARCH = 4.01E-05 + 0.20721*ARCH+ 0.713458 GARCH(-1) 1.21E-05*Terror + 1.93E-05*War -1.48E-05*Regime The persistence parameter for KSE Durbin-Watson stat = 1.943, which is > 1. This show a very explosive volatility in KSE returns. It also demonstrates the capability of past volatility to explain current volatility (Engle and Bollerslev, 1986) and because it is very high, the rate at which it diminishes is rather very slowly. For ACRH/GARCH, conditional standard deviation and conditional varience graph were as shown in figure 1.2 and 1.3; The GARCH coefficient is both statistically significant and conforms to expectation. This implies that past variances exert significantly positive effect on stock return volatility in KSE. On the basis of these results, it is evident that there is significant time varying volatility in Pakistan stock market returns during the sample periods. Conclusions and Recommendations In this paper, we have estimated a nonlinear GARCH model for daily stock returns volatility and terror, Kargal war and regime in Pakistan. Data for the estimation of GARCH (1,1) models was obtained from Yahoo finance and South Asia Terror Portal and news paper of Pakistan. The asymmetric effect of terror, war and regime on stock returns and volatility was investigated. Preliminary investigation into the nature of the data reveals that study had to employ ARCH/GARCH techniques for data analysis. Firstly, results show evidence of time varying volatility in stock market returns across the market and from the asymmetric model, results indicate that bad news has larger impact on stock volatility than good news in the KSE. The result for KSE showed that terror and regime has negativity impact on returns of KSE while war has positively effect, it may be due to short term period of the war. All three variable are significantly have their impact on the returns.

Imprisoned by Society in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilm

The Yellow Wallpaper: Imprisoned by Society Charlotte Perkins Gilman's, "The Yellow Wallpaper" is the story of a woman's descent into madness as the result of being isolated as a form of "treatment" when suffering from postpartum depression. On a larger scale, Gilman is also telling the story of how women were kept prisoners by the confines of the society of her time and the penalties these women incurred when they attempted to break free from these confines. In the beginning of the story, the narrator, whose name is never divulg... ...s a fascinating look into the mind of a woman slipping deeper and deeper into mental illness. It is also, however, clearly a statement by Gilman of the absurd confines society places on the women of her time and the extreme consequences that befell the women who attempted to break free of those confines.

Various theoretical movements

Like other social scientists, systematically looking for general patterns in human behavior is the main work that anthropologists take on. They also develop theories and use scientific methods to test their research as they struggle to determine their differences and similarities in urban, industrial and cross-cultural societies.Its important feature is always its emphasis on the insider’s view of a society. It aims to provide an understanding of the various cultures as it determines how people of a culture view the world. Thus, discoveries and studies in anthropology ultimately contribute to international harmony and with respect to the beliefs and values each one possess.Theories in AnthropologyVarious theoretical movements have been identified and studied and most of the principles frequently overlap or contradict each other altogether.   Some concentrate on past civilizations while some study on present ones (McGee, 2004).In the book of Thomas Kuhn, several theories were â€Å"stimulated† and were based on a positivist epistemology. Historical Particularism, Culture and Personality, Structuralism and Functionalism as well as many others comprise the broad spectrum of Anthropology.But there are theories as well that alter the premise that dichotomizes the relationship between reality and theory and these are the theories that are influenced by post-modern perspectives such as the theory of Interpretivists and Constructivists. To further breakdown and understand how each school of thought works, defining the main themes and how they differentiate from one another will categorize each movement and its impact, if any, to present studies.Evolutionism in the Nineteenth Century claims that societal groups developed according to one universal order of cultural evolution (McGee, 2004).   Stated simply, the proponents of this theory identified â€Å"universal evolutional stages† and have classified different societies as savage, barbarian civ ilization.They came to this conclusion by studying the data they have collected from traders and missionaries in the study of the various cultures they were interested in.Although most theorists rarely went to the societies they were analyzing, they organized the data they have collected, albeit second-hand data, and applied a general theory to all societies. Thus was born the train of thought placing Western Societies with rather advanced technologies and placing these societies at the highest rank of civilization (Erickson, 2008).The main theme that categorizes this movement is the assumption that human minds share similar characteristics all over the world (Moore, 2004). Does this mean that all people and their societies will go through the same processes of development? It seems so for another underlying assumption is all that belong to Western Societies are superior to other societies in the world.This assumption may be based on the fact these same societies possess the militar y and economic power against technologically simple societies (McGee, 2004). But can this then apply to other aspects of societies, such as kin systems, religion and childrearing customs? There is a logical progression that cannot be denied and this can be observed in the use of simple tools to using complex technology in most Western Societies.However, this train of thought offers a rather simplistic explanation on the development of Western Societies. Generally, it became too racist and during that time, Henry Morgan believed that evolution only moved from early societies to the Western societies.He also argued that intelligence is not a valid point to be raised for all people in various societies have different levels of intelligence and supported as well by Burnett Tylor.This theory was strongly attacked by supporters of the Historical Particularism for they see this theory as too speculative and ethnocentric and at the same time, approaches as too materialistic and the views on the various cultures are influenced by the Marxist Anthropology (McGee, 2004).Historical Particularism’s main point is to focus its research on a specific society, its whole and its own history richly detailing the cultural traits and characteristics into its descriptive technology (Erickson, 2008). Franz Boas primarily led other theorists to support ethnography method instead of the comparative method, stressing the importance of a solid and intensive ground work research.He was considered the Father of American Anthropology because he openly challenged the proponents of the previous theory who he believed are overtly racist in nature and is responsible for influencing a large number of ethnographers who include Kroeber, Lowie, Spier, Wissler, Mead, Radin, Bunzel, Sapir, Benedict, Herskovits, Hoebel and many others like him ( Moore, 2004).The problem however with this theory is that it has very little stimulation resulting in a static view of cultures and did not develop a sense of cultural dynamics and continuities. It however laid the ground work for systematic field work and research.Structuralism is best exemplified by a leading intellectual of the age, published extensively his writings and revolved his theory around the basic question, â€Å"what are the human patterns of thought that bring order to the world?† bringing to the forefront the other question, â€Å"how does man deal with chaos?†Levi-Strauss’ stressed the main points of this theory that the mind takes varied and potentially chaotic experiences to attempt to logically structure this experiences in binary configurations, and incorporating these with dominant images and symbols we come across in the world (McGee, 2004). Levi-Strauss believed that these configurations is an unconscious process devoid of being developed and articulated but instead deeply rooted from the structures of the mind.He argued that since all people of all cultures utilize binary principles t o organize and structure the experiences they encounter daily, the manner of comprehending the meaning to any quality must logically have an antithesis or opposite. This explains the rise of various symbols in human societies that run through symbolic polarities like right-left, moon-sun, female-male, life-death, and good-evil.The major contribution of this theory is the logical study of myth and thinking where knowledge communicate a significant message about how things are organized and specifically mediate or lessens experiential contradictions (order to chaos) and introducing an anomalous element – virgin mothers, garden of eden ( Evolutionism, 2008).This theory used a non empirical approach in its methods where most positivists ague and they believed that the structures of thinking should be based on binary principles. They also believed that all forms of thinking are logical and not less significant and the tools are just the things that differ at the way one processes the information around him.

Looks Might Be Deceiving

Looks Might Be Deceiving Free Online Research Papers In our daily life, we face many life-changing events, some of which might be meeting new people we never knew before, going through a certain experience, or even simply discovering things that have always been there around you but you never learned about earlier. Let’s start off by people. Millions of people live around us daily, but who do we get to know? Only the ones that we work with or in my case, the people who study at my school. Why is that? We are afraid that if we got to know new people, they might disappoint us, or even break our hearts in certain cases. Every one of us has his own â€Å"bad† characteristics, but in some people these might show more than others. For example, you might be at the grocery store one day and as you reach your queue at the cashier, you realize you forgot your wallet at home. To your surprise the guy behind you in-line unhesitatingly offers to pay for your goods. You eventually get to know the guy and then one day you mistakenly find out that by day he’s your average every-day accountant, but by night he is a highly wanted car thief. This might be really disappointing for you, as it will also leave a bad impression on you that will make you think in certain way such as: ‘Why sh ould I meet new people? Maybe they turned out to be murderers, alcoholics, drug addicts, thieves etc’ On the other hand, life isn’t just people, who we know and who we don’t. It’s also our surrounding environment that could contain physically deceiving material. One model that might be focuses upon is the ocean. The ocean, according to scientists, makes up about 70% of the earth’s surface. Looking at the ocean we would be stunned by the amazing reefs, different sizes and colors of fish, sea plants. But if we took a closer, deeper look, we would be surprised to find out that those gentle and harmless waves on the top were deceiving us and hiding from us what lies beneath. Fish eating each other, sharks attacking harmless small sea creatures, octopi squirting there dark blue ink around, or even rich divers diving around in search for trophies to take back home and boast in front of other friends. â€Å"Where Dreams Come True†, â€Å"Where Friendship is the Largest Jackpot!†, â€Å"Where players win†, â€Å"Your road to Riches!†. Weren’t those attractive? Well I wouldn’t like to disappoint you but those were famous casino slogans. As my concluding point I would like to mention casinos as you can see. Casinos, also known as places where you would most probably destroy your life or if you were surprisingly lucky, be able to score the jackpot and win loads of money. But what are the odds of that happening? Nobody actually knows. People go there with one aim, mainly to have fun and gain some extra cash, while they actually return home disappointed to the fact that they almost got broke. As a conclusion I’d like to state a well known saying, â€Å"NEVER judge a book by its cover†. No matter how attractive the physical appearance is, you can never know what actually lies beneath unless you experience it, which can sometimes have harsh consequences. Research Papers on Looks Might Be DeceivingThe Hockey GameThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsGenetic EngineeringThe Spring and AutumnStandardized TestingThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Free Essays on Barbarian

, â€Å"an intermediate generation between gods and mortals.† (Herodotus, pg. xxx) Herodotus The Histories is an amazing work. This work is titled a history, but it is important to remember that a history is not just a telling of past events. Even the most objective histories contain the biases and personal prejudices of the author. Herodotus is no exception. Within his many detailed stories and events, the reader can clearly sense his thoughts of Greek supremacy. The ancient Greek people were very proud of their culture for many different reasons. A main source of pride, however, was the Greek style of art and architecture. The Greek culture was very rich around the time of the fifth and sixth centuries BC, influencing many other cultures that came in contact with it. One such culture was that of the Persians. The Greek force defeated the Persian force, lead by Xerxes, in 479 BC. After this battle, there is evidence of Persian art having som... Free Essays on Barbarian Free Essays on Barbarian Barbarian. Within the text of Herodotus, this term meant â€Å"a non-Greek.† Originally, this term was not meant to be offensive or negative, but over time the Greeks began to think of themselves as culturally superior to the barbarians. The Greeks believed in a concept called â€Å"guest-friendship.† Guest friendship was when one man (or community) would extend his protection to an outsider visiting his community. Guest friendship involved reciprocal gift giving and was a very formal procedure. This process was eternally under the protection of the great Greek deity Zeus. Though the ancient Greeks entertained guests from various locations and cultures, they held to the fact that their own Greek culture was entirely pure and of their invention. Ancient Greeks did not cite the influences of others on their fine art. Within the ancient Greek culture, the term â€Å"hero† referred to a mortal made divine after death. In other words, â€Å"an intermediate generation between gods and mortals.† (Herodotus, pg. xxx) Herodotus The Histories is an amazing work. This work is titled a history, but it is important to remember that a history is not just a telling of past events. Even the most objective histories contain the biases and personal prejudices of the author. Herodotus is no exception. Within his many detailed stories and events, the reader can clearly sense his thoughts of Greek supremacy. The ancient Greek people were very proud of their culture for many different reasons. A main source of pride, however, was the Greek style of art and architecture. The Greek culture was very rich around the time of the fifth and sixth centuries BC, influencing many other cultures that came in contact with it. One such culture was that of the Persians. The Greek force defeated the Persian force, lead by Xerxes, in 479 BC. After this battle, there is evidence of Persian art having som...

Alba Holidays Limited Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alba Holidays Limited - Case Study Example The rest of the week, the plane will fly holiday passengers to lower priced holiday packages under the brand name of Prestair. There is no mention about how many flights Alba plans to operate on daily basis. However, there is the mention that the plane will take 1.5 hours to cover the 600 miles distance to Balerica. This means the plane will take 2 hours to cover the average 800 miles daily the rest of the week days. A return trip to these locations obvious will double the mileage and time to 3 hours and 4 hours respectively for Balerica and other destinations. Assuming the plane is rested 6 hours during the day of the week when it is flown to Balerica and 5 hours during each week day when it is flown to other lower priced holiday packages destinations, it is capable of making maximum 6 trips a week on the same day to Balerica and 5 trips daily to other destinations rest of the week. The plane expects to have 90% occupancy annually. This means it will have approximately 144 passengers on each flight. This translates to maximum 864 passengers (144 x 6) weekly to Balerica and 4320 passengers (144 x 5 x 6) during the rest of the week to other holiday destinations. Thus, the total number of passengers for Balerica and other holiday destinations work out to 5184 (864 + 4320) every week. ... other lower priced holiday packages destinations, it is capable of making maximum 6 trips a week on the same day to Balerica and 5 trips daily to other destinations rest of the week. The plane expects to have 90% occupancy annually. This means it will have approximately 144 passengers on each flight. This translates to maximum 864 passengers (144 x 6) weekly to Balerica and 4320 passengers (144 x 5 x 6) during the rest of the week to other holiday destinations. Thus, the total number of passengers for Balerica and other holiday destinations work out to 5184 (864 + 4320) every week. The industry average prices for equivalent brands are 380 for Balerica, and 300 for other holiday destinations. Details regarding costing, finance and administration are given as follows. Full Costing of One Week Sunbronzer Holiday in a Studio in Balerica The figures available in the instructions have been used to arrive at the full costing. However, there are other costs that have not been mentioned in the instructions and hence have been included. These are the costs of advertisements, additional manpower in the form of tour guides, drivers, etc, which serve as the unique sales points (USO) in the holidays' business. As per information available in the instructions, the following expenses have been included to arrive at the full costing figure: One Week's Costing (Sunbronzer) Hangar fees (100,000 x 52/357) 14,566 Aircraft Servicing @ 2 per air mile travelled (600 x 2 x 2) 2,400 Fuel (600 x 8 x 2) 9,600 Aircraft Cabin Maintenance (600 x 0.40 x 2) 480 Depreciation - Land & Building (480,000/ 7) 68,571 Depreciation - Furniture & Fixtures (320,000) 45,714 Allowances for Breakages 200 Gardening, Maintenance & Maid

Writing assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Writing - Assignment Example The variables used are time in years against the cars, either cars or light trucks. Further analysis is done on the effect of the car sales to fuel sales at the pump. A graph of fuel is drawn, showing the weekly retail price per gallon. The graph changes from week to week and is directly affected by the number as well as the type of the cars sold (The Wall Street Journal, Para 1). Figure 2.Source: Gold, WSJ research, Global oil glut send prices plunging, October 14, 2014. Gold, Russel. "Global Oil Glut Sends Prices Plunging." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, 14 Oct. 2014. Web. 27 Nov. 2014. . In the graph above, a graph is used to illustrate the changes of prices of oil in the different months. Numbers are used to represent the sales in million dollars against the months of the year, and that is from the beginning of June to the end of October (Gold para 1). The graph shows how the fall in the prices of oil affects the output. The low oil prices will serve as an incentive for producers, resulting in high production. Figure 3. Source: Source: Gold, WSJ research, Global oil glut send prices plunging, October 14, 2014. Gold, Russel. "Global Oil Glut Sends Prices Plunging." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, 14 Oct. 2014. Web. 27 Nov. 2014. . The graph above shows illustrates the sale petroleum by different oil companies. The sale is represented in percentages starting with the one having the highest percentage to the one with the lowest. This allows easy interpretation of the graph, from the complexity of large numbers involved (Gold para 3). Figure 4: Source: Madigan, Kathleen. "A New Way to Track the Ecnomy." WALL STREET JOURNAL. Dow Jones & Company, 26 Nov. 2014. Web. 26 Nov. 2014.